The compress pdf, merge pdf and other tasks have few handy features that other apps are missing. Every time there is a flood in bihar or assam, the people living downstream in bangladesh get worried, since it take only a few days for flood waters in upstream regions to roll downstream in bangladesh. There were no such comprehensive studies available in north bihar that discussed flood progression and regression at shorter timescales like two day intervals. Out of these 38 districts, 28 districts are floodprone with major flood events occurring in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2011, 20, 2016, and 2017. Add shapes click the shape tool to add rectangular or ellipsis shapes to a pdf page. Top 3 free pdf editor for android devices you can consider. India bihar floods death toll rises to 253, almost. All of the surveillance images with an interval of 1 min were processed by the ifa system to detect the water level and analyze the flood risk. Also pdf files are very small, the content can be stored compressed. Geddes, 1960, gohain and prakash, 1990, singh et al. The rest of the catchment is in the himalayan mountains. Mar 27, 2019 flood plain wetlands are the seasonal water bodies formed along a river. You can start of by inserting a blank page and then adding some text and images to it, and you are on your way to creating your own pdf file. Oct 11, 2019 iskysoft pdf editor 6 professional for mac or iskysoft pdf editor 6 professional for windows is a powerful pdf editor that brings along the true nature of creating a pdf document for yourself.
With a basin area of 71 500 km2, the kosi river has the. On the fateful day of 18th august, 2008, state of bihar in india, faced a major disaster which according to some is worst in last hundred years and many others claim it to be worst in the history roy, 2008. The pdfxchange editor is smaller, turbo and more function wealthy than any other free pdf reader pdf viewer pdf editor on hand available on the market. The kosi megafan region of eastern bihar, india, comprising of eight districts, is regularly afflicted by large floods that cause extensive damage. Flood inundation extent of part of north bihar fmis. Shashikala menon, for editing the draft and improving it. The following guide provides you with information on how to edit pdf documents using tools that are available for free online or as desktop programs. Conclusions this study focuses on the preparation on flood inundation map and identifying the vulnerable areas of the sathanur dam downstream. The pdf file format, originally created by adobe, is a popular format for a wide variety of documents from presentations and invoices over forms and legal documents, to comics and books. Volume 12, number 1, januarymarch, 2020 i full text pdf. Find and replace in pdf easily find and replace all occurrences of words in a pdf. It was as if to remind us of the hazards of infrastructure planning in the himalaya that the bhote kosi disaster occurred on the eve of the visit to rock climbing as an antistress vertical workout a flood of tears.
Mar 06, 2017 the following guide provides you with information on how to edit pdf documents using tools that are available for free online or as desktop programs. Typically, the kosi and gandak river basins are wellknown for lingering flood affected basins in north bihar every year, which lies in the eastern part of india. India bihar floods death toll rises to 253, almost 700,000. The flood risk levels in figure 5fj at five time points are 0%, 20%, 80%, 100%, and 80%, respectively. Flood risk analysis in the kosi river basin, north bihar using multiparametric approach of analytical hierarchy process ahp r. The pdf files contains all information to display the file the same way on all systems. Pdf flood became more frequent and devastating disaster in recent world. The 2008 bihar flood was one of the most disastrous floods in the history of bihar, an impoverished and densely populated state in india. Select an image from your computer and then add it to the pdf page. Following the recent flood in august 2008, sinha, 2008, sinha, 2009 and reddy et al.
The kosi flood disaster of 2008 in bihar and also in nepal highlights two key issues relating to flood control. With pdf editor you can underline, highlight and strikeout texts and edit the bookmarks. The koshi river is known as the sorrow of bihar as the annual floods affect about 21,000 km 2 8,100 sq mi of fertile agricultural lands thereby disturbing the rural economy the koshi has an average water flow of 2,166 cubic metres per second 76,500 cu fts. Glacial lake outburst floods glofs are exactly what they sound like. Edit, sign, compress, convert to office or image, split and merge pdf documents. Areas typically not experiencing floods hitherto in the state have also started experiencing occasional floods especially in areas lying in southern bihar. The sunkosi storage dam at kurule would possibly store about 50% of the kosi sediment and nearly 40% of its flood flow.
Sinha, 2008, sinha, 2009 pointed out that, to date most of the flood prevention efforts were with a notion of river control rather than river management. Once upon a time, supaul was famous as a flood prone area and situated near the indonepal border. Floodplain wetlands are the seasonal water bodies formed along a river. It is a turbulent river whose frequent floods have caused damage in the state of bihar, to the point it was nicknamed bihars sorrow. It was because of a massive landslide in nepal at jure village in sindhupalchawk district of nepal in river sun kosi in the wee hours of 2nd august and the entire flow of the river, which is a tributary of river kosi, was blocked. Buresh, editors, improving the productivity and sustainability of ricewheat. However, the kosi flood of 2008 revealed an interesting fact. Background edit the kosi river s upper basin in southern tibet and eastern nepal drains some 60,000 km. Application of satellite altimetry in understanding river. You can also edit linked and highlight text through annotation so your readers can pay more. Due to this breach in the embankment, flood water from nepal side entered into supaul district of bihar state in india.
Tourist spots in supaul district vishnu mandir, kosi river. The program allows users to open pdf files and annotate or fill forms on a pdf file. Dr kuntala lahiridutt is the co editor, jointly with professor robert wasson of water first. Two other plants generating 15 mw are out of action. This article discusses the key reasons for the failure of flood management in the kosi. Kosi river floodplains near bhagalpur, bihar believed to be confined to the brahmaputra valley of assam, the sighting of 25 endangered greater adjutant storks in the floodplains of the ganga and kosi rivers paved the way for a rapid action project on studying the status and distribution of this endangered bird in bihar. The site is made by ola and markus in sweden, with a lot of help from our friends and colleagues in italy, finland, usa, colombia, philippines, france and contributors from all over the world. Some reflections of the geographies of socioeconomic impact of the kosi river floods, 2008 journal of earth science and engineering, volume 1, 5765, 20 number of. The ganga flood plain above the farakka sample site has an area of. Mapping the possible inundation susceptible zones in the region accurately is, therefore, paramount for land resource conservation and livelihood preservation. The total drainage area of the kosi river is 74,030 km 2 out of which 11,410 km 2 lies in india and the rest 62,620 km 2 lies in tibet and nepal fmis, 20.
A discussion is made on disaster management framework and facility available at district level. At its peak, the intensity of water force went up to 166,000 cubic feet per second cusec compared with the regular 25,744 cusec, running straight down. Sapta kosi high dam multipurpose project, nepal ejatlas. The flow interaction between flood plain wetlands and the river sometimes vary over a very short period in response to rapid rise in the river water level due to. The recent fatalities bring the death toll to 253 in the state since flooding first began after a period of heavy rain from 10 august. The catchment area of the river is 61,788 km 2 23,856 sq mi in nepal at the barrage site. River kosi, known as sorrow of bihar was diverged from its regular path as it. The kosi flood of august 2008 in nepal and north bihar india caused by river. The first is the failure of the structural approach to flood control on the kosi and the second is institutional dysfunction with respect to transboundary flood management. The model was run to find the peak discharge to find the depth. It is a turbulent river whose frequent floods have caused damage in the state of bihar, to the point it. Another issue these authors signal is the management of the transboundary kosi project for flood control. Bihar is indias most floodprone state, with 76% population in the north bihar living under the. Dr kuntala lahiridutt is the coeditor, jointly with professor robert.
Sign pdf documents compress pdfs convert to office formats and images visually combine and reorder pages merge multiple pdf documents, with supporting table of contents and bookmarks. A considerable portion of the land in kosi megafan remains flooded and later. Spatiotemporal rainfall variability and flood prognosis. Pdf impact of the koshi barrage and embankments on river. The flood forecasting organization of central water commission cwc has been issuing flood forecast in the kosi river system since june 1970. Prime minister manmohan singh toured the region on thursday, and. The tamori storage dam would also hold about 20% of the kosi sediment.
The kosi changing its course has made 60,000 homeless in nepal, but downstream in india the number affected has reached a staggering four million. In the flood prone areas estimation of the depth of water was done and it is done for. Now, the river kosi changed its course of flow and took a different route that it used to take 200 years ago. The kathmandu post read online latest news and articles. The flood situation in the state of bihar, india, worsened over the weekend when a further 51 deaths were reported. September 19, 1953 the problem of the kosi kumud bhushum ray in an appeal issued on august 23, 1953, shri jawaharlal nehru asked for generous contributions to the prime ministers national re lief fund. Glacial lake outburst floods as drivers of fluvial erosion. The river changed course and flooded areas which had not been flooded in many decades. Figure 5 flood inundation map overlaid for 1972 years 5. Thats why kosi river is known as the sorrow of bihar. The sudden emptying of a glacial lake in hightopography regions like the himalaya can quickly destroy everything in its path. Historical records, geomorphology and the recent avulsion of the kosi river article pdf available in quaternary international 2272. Alternativeto is a free service that helps you find better alternatives to the products you love and hate. Hide the information on a page so that it is invisible in the acrobat reader but can be unhidden later.
Study area supaul district 2537 n 2625 n and 8622 e 8710 e a part of the kosi division in north bihar covers an area of 2,420 sq km. The koshi embankment near the indonepal border at kusaha vdc, sunsari district, nepal broke on 18 august 2008. Whiteout pdf cover part of the pdf page with a white rectangle so the contents is no longer visible. Chemical weathering outputs from the flood plain of the. Aerial survey of the floodaffected areas of purnia, bihar, 14 august 2017.
The rainfall runoff editor of mike 11 nam model includes four sub menus for. During floods, it increases to as much as 18 times the average. A reallife flood event that resulted from a typhoon was used in this test for system validation. On 18 august 2008, heavy monsoon rains and poor maintenance caused a breach in the kosi embankment.
Assessment and prediction of flood vulnerability in a part of kosi river. Out of these 38 districts, 28 districts are flood prone with major flood events occurring in 2004, 2007, 2008, 2011, 20, 2016, and 2017. Kosi barrage in nepal, 8 km north of the indian border. The flood submerged most of the kosi alluvial fan area, which is very fertile, with a dense agrarian population. Some reflections of the geographies of socioeconomic impact of the kosi river floods, 2008 journal of earth science and engineering, volume 1, 5765, 20 number of pages. Impact of climate change on water resources in the koshi river basin iwmi working paper luna bharati, utsav bhattarai, ambika khadka, pabitra gurung, luis e. Chemical weathering outputs from the flood plain of the ganga. Download rapid php editor edit the code of various source files in multiple coding languages, with syntax checking, debugging. Status and distribution of greater adjutant in the ganga. It has long suffered from dire poverty and stagnant economic growth, although it has shown some signs of improvement in recent years. The flow interaction between floodplain wetlands and the river sometimes vary over a very short period in response to rapid rise in. Institutional dysfunction and challenges in flood control. The present study attempts to analyze mental health problems in terms of anxiety, depression and probable posttraumatic stress disorder among women in kosi flood affected areas of bihar, india. Bkfrp bihar kosi flood recovery project bod biochemical oxygen demand bspcb bihar state pollution control board.
Histogram of fraction of ca remaining in west kosi flood plain samples. A breach in eastern afflux bund of kosi embankment 12. The kosi basin is an important sub basin of the ganga basin. Dixit 2009 argues that institutional dysfunction and governance deficit allowed the 2008 flood to happen. Tourist spots in supaul district vishnu mandir, kosi. Kosi megafan is one of the important examples of megafans occurring in the ganga plain fig.
You are able to change the order of the pages or delete pages. Issues and challenges for nations and communities in south asia, published in august,2008, from sage, new delhi. You can drag with your mouse to move it, drag on the. It has been mentioned in many textbooks and a number of research publications that the kosi river has shifted about 1 km from the eastern margin to its present position at the western extremity. Deirdre boyd, country director of undp, new delhi, for giving ihd the opportunity to conduct such an important study. Kosi flood report 2009 acknowledgements this study is an outcome of the collaborative efforts of the united nations development programme undp and the institute for human development ihd. Glacial lake outburst floods as drivers of fluvial erosion in. Social and environmental impact assessment of solid waste. Hence, most of the erosional processes and major sediment transport in the kosi river basin occur during monsoon periods sinha and friend, 1994. The upper catchment of the kosi basin liesat great heights of th e himalayan range in nepal and tibet.
This free pdf editor download additionally makes it possible for customers to try the elevated functionality supplied by the licensed pdfxchange editor in evaluation mode without cost. Make text bold or italic, change font size, font family and text color. Dr kuntala lahiridutt is the coeditor, jointly with professor robert wasson of water first. Edit pdf documents, adding text, images, editing existing text, whiteout tool, annotate with highlight and strikethrough, draw shapes. At present there are three forecasting stations on the river kosi, at basua, baltara and kursela with two base stations at barahkshetra and birpur barrage. These wetlands become active during the monsoon season, which frequently grow in size with seasonal floods and eventually dry up during the nonmonsoon season. Flood risk analysis in the kosi river basin, north bihar. So it is the best solution if you want to upload and distribute a document to the internet. Pdf basinscale hydrology and sediment dynamics of the kosi. This paper compares the relative efficiency of two flood zonation.
Flooding is one of the most common natural disasters in india. Water passed through the breach at an estimated 129,800 cusecs, flooding many villages in nepal and hundreds of villages in northern bihar. It is an irrigation, flood control and hydropower generation project on the koshi river built under a bilateral agreement between nepal and india. This paper compares the relative efficiency of two flood zonation methods, the frequency. The kosi river, also known as saptakosi, sapta meaning the number seven, because of its seven tributaries runs through an area of 92,538 km2 9.
Pdf satellite based flood forecasting for the koshi river basin. A recent fact finding report for the kosi floods of 2008, prepared by a civil society organization by various experts like dr. With this tool, editing the text and images of a pdf file is quite straightforward. Science that time this ancient city was affected by the flood of kosi river. Aerial survey of the flood affected areas of purnia, bihar, 14 august 2017. The koshi river is one of the major tributaries of the ganges. How to edit pdf documents for free ghacks tech news. In many instances, the engineering solutions of floods are not just temporary but they. This article discusses the key reasons for the failure of flood management in the kosi, through stakeholder.