For the cutting process, firstly a pilot arc ignition by a high. Pdf developments in plasma arc cutting pac of steel alloys. Plasma arc cutting is machining process where material is cut by plasma arc. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with. At lower speeds, the molten metal from the kerf sticks to the bottom of the plate. The stability of arc is keeping the plasma jet in desired form. Nov 05, 2017 this channel is formed by faculty from bit to enhance the knowledge of students towards technical and fundamentals this video explains plasma arc machining pam in details with explanation of all. The term plasma, as employed in physics, means ionized particles.
These methods form a group of processes which removes excess material by various. The present paper emphasizes the development of mathematical models for correlating the various machining parameters, such as pulse on time, peak current, average gap voltage and the percent volume fraction of sic present in the aluminum matrix on the most dominant machining criteria, i. This is the major difference between a neutral gas and plasma. The effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on. By knowing the proper sequencing of events and by observing the status lights one can troubleshoot the console in a short time to minimize downtime. Plasma arc welding is an arc welding process wherein coalescence is produced by the heat obtained from a constricted arc setup between a tungstenalloy tungsten electrode and the watercooled constricting nozzle nontransferred arc or between a tungstenalloy tungsten electrode and the job transferred arc. This prevents the expansion of the arc column, increases the temperature and stabilizes it. Since last many years, the precise and accurate machining technology of hard metals ferrous, nonferrous and. Plasma arc cutting 1 plasma arc cutting meng 439 dr. Introduction plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Study of the parameters in electrical discharge machining.
Called pam, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasmaarc, or tungsten inertgasarc, torch. Plasma parameters define various characteristics of a plasma, an electrically conductive collection of charged particles that responds collectively to electromagnetic forces. The electric arc is formed between an electrode which is usually but not always made of sintered tungsten and the workpiece. Plasma arc cutting, also referred to as plasma fusion cutting or plasma cutting, is a fabrication process which employs superheated, ionized gas funneled through a plasma torch to heat, melt and, ultimately, cut electrically conductive. Narrow plasma jet melts the workpiece material in its path. Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasma arc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. With the high temperature involved, can be used for any material those resistant to oxy. Describe the plasma arc cutting process and its applications in the pipefitting trade identify the different components of plasma arc cutting equipment and ppe required for its use. Machining performance optimization during plasma arc cutting. Cnc plasma cutting machine operational manual machinemfg. Pac is a thermal material removal process that is primarily used for cutting thick sections of electrically conductive materials. Taguchi based parametric analysis and optimization of power. Analysis of process parameters of plasma arc cutting of.
Patni input parameters cutting speed, cutting current, standoff distance, cutting voltage, plasma gas pressure and gas flow rate output parameters surface roughness, material removal rate and kerf width material ss 310. Plasma can be defined as a superheated, electrically ionized gas. Plasma arc machining process, diagram, advantages and. The material removal rate mrr was measured by determining the weight of the specimens before and after the cutting process. Study the effect of process parameters in plasma arc. Plasma arc machining electric arc plasma physics free. Plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path.
The plasma parameter is a dimensionless number, denoted by capital lambda, the plasma parameter is usually interpreted to be the argument of the coulomb logarithm, which is the ratio of the maximum impact parameter to the classical distance of closest approach in coulomb scattering. In current scenario, with the increase of demand in market for obtain high surface finish and machining of complex shape geometries, conventional. Main arc power supply provides power for the transferred welding arc between the tungsten electrode and base metal. Developments in plasma arc cutting pac of steel alloys. Monno,journal of materials processing technology 345355 2008. Plasma arc machining pam kcg college of technology. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting applying genetic algorithm and fuzzy logic. The quality of the markings will vary depending on the cut process, material type, and material thickness. The plasma arc cutting process cuts metal by melting a section of metal with a constricted arc. Today we will learn about plasma arc welding principle, types, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. An optimization concept of the various machining parameters for the plasma arc cutting procedures on aisi 316 stainless steel conducting a hybrid optimization method has been carried out. Pdf optimization of process parameters in plasma arc. The plasma arc process has always been seen as an alternative to the oxyfuel process.
Various plasma arc cutting process parameters directly affect the stability, cutting quality and effect of the cutting process. Plasma arc machining or laser beam machining is that which is the last point. A plasma arc cutting machine cutting the internal sections of a metal part. Previously, some of researchers have been tried to optimize process parameters in plasma arc cutting.
The plasma arc cutting process is illustrated in fig. Pdf experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting process. This issue of influences on the plasma cutting quality is based on longterm experience in the field of the thermal cutting process. Parametric optimization on ss 304l using plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc and basic principles for the performance of plasma cutting plasma is a gas that is heated to an extremely high temperature and ionized so that it becomes a conductor of electricity.
In our work, we are going to optimize the machining process parameters of plasma arc machining. Working distance plasma cutting process parameters roughness of the. In this part of the series the process fundamentals are described with emphasis being placed on the operating features and the advantages of the many process variants. Faculty of machine manufacturing and industrial management, technical university gh. Analysis of process parameters in plasma arc cutting. Plasma arc cutting process and equipment considerations. The term for advisable state of plasma arc is called stability of arc too. Kosicesturova the principle of plasma cutting technology and six fold plasma cutting.
The plasma welding consists only of the plasma arc welding process which works with a transferred arc. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting. This channel is formed by faculty from bit to enhance the knowledge of students towards technical and fundamentals this video explains plasma arc machining pam in details with explanation of all. Some important plasma arc cutting processing parameters and their effects on mrr and. Ppt plasma arc cutting powerpoint presentation free to. Also dominant parameters for cutting process are presented as following. The plasma cutting equipment is suitable for the manufacturing, installation and maintenance of all kinds of machine and do various cutting fabrication such as medium plate cut off, trepanning, chamfering etc. The percentage effect of each process variable is also studied. Early plasma cutters were large, slow, and expensive. Free video reveals how to remove tattoo naturaly from home. Experimental study of the features of the kerf generatedby a 200a high tolerance plasma arc cutting system,r. Everything starts with the proper choice of a cnc machine and a plasma source. Pilot arc power supply provides power for the nontransferred pilot arc which enables easier ignition of the main welding arc.
Apr 21, 2015 introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges. Asachi of iasi, romania abstract this paper presents an analysis of the plasma arc cutting pac process, by using the systemic approach method. Cv kurnia abadi cnc plasma cutting, engaged in cnc plasma cutting based metal cutting services the manufacture of ornaments from steel metal to aluminum. Plasma typically takes the form of neutral gaslike clouds or charged ion beams, but may also include dust and grains. Arc plasma jet with higher energy density is desirable for welding and cutting technology mawson, m, 1988. Optimization of process parameters in plasma arc cutting of en 31 steel based on mrr and multiple roughness characteristics using grey relational analysis. However, as with any piece of equipment you need to know how and why it does what it does and the necessary precautions to do the job safely. An optimization of the cutting parameters during cnc plasma arc cutting of st37 mild steel plates is attempted using robust design international journal of experimental design and process optimisation. Taguchi approach for parametric study in plasma arc machining of ss410 anant b.
In thesis work literature has been studied in context to parametric optimization of plasma arc cutting machine. The process parameters tested include cutting speed, cutting height and arc voltage. Using design of experiments doe the optimum process parameters are estimated. Nov 19, 2016 introduction plasma arc machining is a material removal process. A new composition of response surface methodology and grey relational analysis coupled with principal component analysis has been proposed to evaluate and. The cuts are made by a high temperature, high velocity gas jet generated by constricting an arc between a tungsten electrode and the component. Apr, 2017 today we will learn about plasma arc welding principle, types, working, equipments, application, advantages and disadvantages with its diagram. Plasma arc welding is a liquid state welding process in which, the metal to metal joint forms in molten state. Plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. The material removal takes place by directing a high velocity jet of high temperature 11,00030,000. International journal of advanced engineering research and. Optimization of plasma arc cutting by applying taguchi. Cutting speed the speed depends on the thickness of the material to be machined.
At higher cutting speeds, the plasma jet does not cut through metal plate. Called pam, this is a method of cutting metal with a plasma arc, or tungsten inertgas arc, torch. A plasma arc is created by electrically heating a gas to a very high temperature. This arc is usually on at all times and exists between the tungsten electrode and anode. Taguchi approach for parametric study in plasma arc machining. The main characteristic indices that have been considered here for evaluating plasma arc machining are surface roughness and material removal rate. The principle of plasma arc machining is shown in the figure.
Its high accuracy, finishing, ability of machining any hard materials and to produce intricate shape increases its demand in market. Laval type nozzle is a popular structure for supersonic fluid utilization. Tech cadcam 2,3assistant professor 1,2department of mechanical engineering 3department of mechatronics engineering 1,2,3u v patel college of engineering, ganpat university, mehsana, gujarat, india. Various type of plasma arc cutting in this process gases are heated and charged to plasma state. Surfaceroughnessandmrreffectonmanualplasmaarccutting. Page 34 section 4 operation the status lights located on the front of the top lid of the esp150 console provide the conditions of the circuitry during a normal plasma arc cutting operation. Mahapatra s s, patnaik amar 2006 optimization of wire electrical discharge machining wedm process parameters. Introduction plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. Apr 11, 2018 the work focuses on assessing the optimal machining conditions which could simultaneously satisfy multiple process performance indices during machining of aisi d2 steel. Plasma is defined as a gas that has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become partially ionized and therefore electrically conductive. For this experiment we have chosen stainless steel 316l ss316 l material. Cut charts the following cut charts show the consumable parts, cutting speeds and the gas and torch settings required for each.
The principle of the plasma cutting shape of plasma torch, streaming jet, water. Plasma arc machining is a metal removal process in which the metal is removed by focusing a highvelocity jet of high temperature 11,000c to 30,000c ionized gas on the workpiece. Plasma arc machining free download as powerpoint presentation. Chapter 1 early plasma cutting the plasmaarc cutting process saw its first commercial application in the early 1960s. Plasma arc cutting pac process is a widely used machining process in several fabrication, construction and repair work applications. Finding good methods to increase the energy density of arc plasma jet is one of the many key problems confronting researchers of plasma field. This cutting procedure utilizes the plasma to transfer the electric arc to the metal workpiece, which is melted by the heat and then separated. The quality also depends on the expertise and experience of the machine operator and the setting of the plasma cutting parameters. Plasma is a thermally highly heated up, electrically conductive gas, which consists of positive and negative ions, electrons as well as of excited and neutral.
Tandel3 1,2,3assistant professor 1,3 department of mechanical engineering 2 automobile engineering 1,2,3gdecnavsari, gujarat, india abstract the plasma cutting process is investigated. Pac uses a plasma stream operating at temperatures in. Plasma arc welding paw is an arc welding process similar to gas tungsten arc welding gtaw. The key difference from gtaw is that in paw, by positioning the electrode within the body of the torch, the plasma arc can be separated from the shielding gas.
Marking parameters are shown at the bottom of each cut chart. A highvelocity jet flow of hot ionized gas melts the metal and then removes the molten material to form a kerf. Plasma arc machiningbasic terms and working youtube. Plasma arc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of hightemperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. The appropriate orthogonal array has been selected regarding number of factors available in that industry and the experimentation was carried out. Today, plasma retains the original advantages it brought to industry by providing an advanced level of control and accuracy. Pdf optimization of welding parameters using plasma arc.
Consequently, common applications for pac consisted of repeating cutting patterns in a massproduction mode. The torch produces a highvelocity jet of hightemperature ionized gas called plasma that cuts by melting and. Water jet machining water jet cutting can reduce the costs and speed up the processes by eliminating or reducing expensive secondary machining process. Plasma state is the superheated and electrically ionized gases at approximately 5000c these gases are directed. The behaviour of such particle systems can be studied statistically. Plasma arc machining pam plasma arc machining is a nontraditional thermal process. Plasma arc cutting pac process is a widely used machining process in several fabrication, construction and repair work. John kechagias, michael billis, stergios maropoulos. Influences on plasma cutting quality on cnc machine in. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
The basic arrangement for a plasma arc cutting torch, similar to the plasma arc welding torch, is shown in figure 1071. Since no heat is applied on the materials, cut edges are clean. Plasma arc machining plasma is defined as the gas, which has been heated to a sufficiently high temperature to become ionized. Plasma arc machining is one of the most important non conventional machining method used in fabrication industries because of its high accuracy, ability to machine any hard material, ability to produce any intricate shape and better finish. In a plasma torch, known as the gun or plasmatron, a volume of gas such as h2, n2, 02, etc. Analysis of means anom and analysis of variances anova were used in order for the effect of. The plasma welding consists only of the plasmaarc welding process which works with a transferred arc. The metal shieldedgas welding is limited to the metal inertgas welding process. Plasma gases the plasma gas flow rate and the electric power to the plasma torch must be properly balanced in order to get a stable arc. Free machining alloys form a limited group that cuts across the basic families.
Working principle of pam gases are heated and charged to plasma state. Plasmaarc machining pam employs a highvelocity jet of high temperature gas to melt and displace material in its path. This is virtually a mixture of free electrons, positively charged ions and neutral atoms. Pdf the plasma cutting process is investigated experimentally in the present paper for. This was needed to describe the relation between laser beam or plasma arc cutting parameters and the geometrical and mechanical quality factors of cut edges of different medium and high strength. Introduction the plasma arc machining process was introduced to the industries in 1964 as a method of bringing better control to the arc welding process in lower current ranges.
Pdf the plasma arc cutting pac process was developed for difficultto machine. Further, the concept of hot wire tig welding process has also been elaborated. Pdf experimental investigation of the plasma arc cutting. The objective of this work is to study the effects of plasma arc cutting process parameters on hazheat affected zone and bevel angle for low carbon steel 1010 material with thickness 4 mm, which. Plasma arc cutter selco genesis 90 was used to cut standard aisi 1017 steel of 200 mm x100 mm x 6 mm manually based on the selected parameters setting. The effect of various process parameters like welding current, arc gap and welding speed on tensile strength, impact strength and surface hardness of plasma arc welding on stainless steel316 is. The clean, dross free cut produced with the pac process can eliminate the secondary operations of other cutting methods such as cleaning up rough edges and dross on the bottom or backside of the. This work aims at evaluating processing parameters, such as the cutting power. Bini and at all were conducted experiment on 15mm thick mild steel sheets metals using process parameters like arc voltage. Plasma arc machining basic terms and working learn and grow. Plasma arc cutting pac is a widely used industrial process for the cutting of different types of metals in several operating conditions.